简介
Linux fdisk命令是用于磁盘分区的工具，可以创建、编辑、删除和显示硬盘分区。它是一个强大且常用的命令，适用于Linux各种发行版本。
Fdisk最大只能创建2T分区的盘，超过2T使用parted。
划分分区并挂在磁盘
使用fdisk分区工具将该数据盘设为主分区，分区形式默认设置为MBR，文件系统设为ext4格式，挂载在/mydata下，并设置开机启动自动挂载。
查看新增数据磁盘
#查看所有磁盘信息
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a952a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 104857566 52427759+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes以上系统中显示2块磁盘
Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors是系统磁盘Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors是新增的磁盘。
对新磁盘进行分区操作
#对/dev/vdb进行分区操作
fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x2f603b5b.
Command (m for help): 新建分区
p 表示主分区
e 表示扩展分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): 开始创建主分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): Partition number 表示主分区编号 （默认1）
输入主分区编号
分区编号选择 1 可以直接按 Enter 默认为 1
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048): First sector 表示起始磁柱值 范围 (2048-1048575999) 默认 2048
选择起始磁柱值
默认起始磁柱值为2048 直接按 Enter ，起始值必须小于分区的截至柱值
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999): Last sector 表示截至磁柱值 2048-1048575999, default 1048575999
选择截至磁柱值
默认截至磁柱值 default 1048575999 可直接按 Enter
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999):
Using default value 1048575999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 GiB is set
Command (m for help): 查看新建的分区详细信息
输入 p 按 Enter 查看
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2f603b5b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 1048575999 524286976 83 Linux
Command (m for help):表示新建的分区 /dev/vdb1
保存分区结果
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.分区创建完成
刷新分区表信息到系统
#刷新分区信息
root@fly-server:/home/fly# partprobe格式化分区
root@fly-server:/home/fly# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
32768000 inodes, 131071744 blocks
6553587 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2279604224
4000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 新建挂在目录
root@fly-server:/home/fly# mkdir /mydata将新建的分区挂在到新的目录下
root@fly-server:/home/fly# mount /dev/vdb1 /mydata查看挂在结果
临时挂载，重启服务器后挂载失效
root@fly-server:/home/fly# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 34G 0 34G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 34G 0 34G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 34G 9.0M 34G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 34G 0 34G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 ext4 53G 2.4G 48G 5% /
tmpfs tmpfs 6.8G 0 6.8G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1 ext4 529G 76M 502G 1% /mydata永久挂载分区
使用fstab 挂载分区的UUID设置自动挂载分区
UUID 是LINUX 系统磁盘的唯一标识符
查询磁盘分区的UUID
root@fly-server:/home/fly# blkid
/dev/sda2: UUID="33b0beea-899d-46f5-8b61-f405e3fd4e29" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="c74b9575-d70a-4ff3-8ba6-08908845f23f"
/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="5dfc4aac-fe24-4300-bd62-be911091e670" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="0e6a130e-f116-41e7-b5fb-df558ea3a73e"
/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="3df59ee0-9f18-4c1d-8862-81e881d37a87" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="f1948b56-e04d-4942-bd84-5aefe6d42a46"
/dev/nvme0n1p3: UUID="01bbee84-628f-4bc7-9c67-51afcf37d898" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="062eac5b-6bbd-4e9e-adf5-f9119905e085"
/dev/nvme0n1p4: UUID="750664ef-4890-41df-a6c7-0a87f7bcadd5" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="5bbbf77f-2772-4c4d-8b67-52061d95c202"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop3: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop4: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop5: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop6: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop7: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: PARTUUID="4244a33e-aab9-43de-a3e7-28044c6de84e"
/dev/loop8: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop9: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop10: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop11: TYPE="squashfs"查看新建分区的UUID
root@fly-server:/home/fly# blkid /dev/vdb1
/dev/vdb1: UUID="ee09a54c-4132-4578-8040-7bc86768a057" TYPE="ext4" 编辑fstab文件
#查看fstab文件
cat /etc/fstab
#编辑fstab
vim /etc/fstab查看内容
root@fly-server:/home/fly# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/33b0beea-899d-46f5-8b61-f405e3fd4e29 / ext4 defaults 0 0
# /home was on /dev/nvme0n1p1 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/5dfc4aac-fe24-4300-bd62-be911091e670 /home xfs defaults 0 0
# /boot was on /dev/nvme0n1p2 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/3df59ee0-9f18-4c1d-8862-81e881d37a87 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
# /data was on /dev/nvme0n1p3 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/01bbee84-628f-4bc7-9c67-51afcf37d898 /data xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/750664ef-4890-41df-a6c7-0a87f7bcadd5 none swap sw 0 0
/swap.img none swap sw 0 0编辑内容
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Feb 10 07:01:09 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=6c533615-cacd-47a7-844e-10013da6d35b / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=ee09a54c-4132-4578-8040-7bc86768a057 /mydata ext4 defaults 0 2重启电脑查看是否自动挂载
root@fly-server:/home/fly# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 34G 0 34G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 34G 0 34G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 34G 9.1M 34G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 34G 0 34G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 ext4 53G 2.4G 48G 5% /
/dev/vdb1 ext4 529G 76M 502G 1% /mydata
tmpfs tmpfs 6.8G 0 6.8G 0% /run/user/0